Difference between revisions of "Portsdown hardware"

Revision as of 10:12, 2 July 2021

This page describes all the hardware modules and interconnections required to build the Portsdown DATV system.

Not all the hardware is required before the transmitter can start to be tested – an incremental approach is described here to allow constructors to gain confidence as they assemble the parts.

Raspberry Pi

The first item required is a standard Raspberry Pi - this can be a Pi 3 or Pi 4 depending upon the Portsdown version you are building. These are available from many suppliers and we suggest you just buy a Raspberry Pi 3B+ without any additional boards or SD cards as you will be using specific Portsdown hardware and software.

Power Supplies

You will also need a 5v power supply for the Raspberry Pi, and a low resistance Micro-USB supply lead (some cheap ones are not so good).

You can power a Pi 4 via the GPIO pins but should power a RPi 3 through the Micro-USB power connector to take advantage of the input protection provided.

Use a very short USB cable to your power supply as most of these cables are of very poor quality and cause a significant voltage drop. If you see a "Lightning Flash" symbol at the top right of your LCD display it means that the voltage at the RPi is too low. You can measure the voltage between the GPIO connector pins 4 and 6.

A lot of strange problems, such as the Portsdown running very slowly, can be caused by poor PSU volts - the RPi is actually specified for 5.1 volts, so make sure that your PSU delivers enough volts and current. See this post on the BATC forum for a real user experience!

You may also need a 12 volt DC supply to power the other Portsdown components.

Micro-SD Card

You then need an SD card with the Portsdown software on it.

The easiest way is to buy a pre-programmed SD Card from the BATC shop.

OR if you want to have a go at loading the software yourself you will need to or purchase a good quality card from another source and follow the instructions described here. The 16GB SanDisk Ultra is recommended - DO NOT use cheap copies.

LCD TouchScreen

The touchscreen is required to control the transmitter without the use of another computer.

Do not buy a touchscreen that connects through the RPi HDMI connector - it is NOT supported.

7" touchscreen"

Portsdown 2020 is designed to take advantage of the larger touchscreen, the Official Raspberry Pi 7" touchscreen (often referred to as a "7 inch Element 14 touchscreen")

Note that if you use the 7-inch screen, you do not need to connect the 3 data leads between the screen and the RPi - only ground and +5v.

3.5" touchscreen"

Note this is NOT supported on the Portsdown 4. The other supported touchscreen on Portsdown 2019 is a 3.5 inch diagonal Waveshare Raspberry Pi LCD (Model A, not Model B).

To mount the Waveshare screen away from the RPi, you could use this extension cable: https://thepihut.com/products/adafruit-gpio-extender-cable-for-raspberry-pi-model-a-b-26pin-12-long Just make sure that you triple-check the connections and pin orientation before connecting the screen. They do not tolerate incorrect connection as several of us have found out! Alternatively, you can make one yourself from a discarded 3.5 inch floppy drive and its lead.

Further information on screens can be found here Portsdown Displays and information on display resolutions can be found here PAL/NTSC and Display Resolutions.

Mounting the Waveshare LCD Touchscreen can be a challenge! This 3D print design mounts it flat to the panel: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1941701 This 3D print design mounts it at an angle: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1920486.

Note that, when mounted, none of the touchscreen sensitive areas should be in contact with the surround.

GPIO Extender Card

In the completed unit, there are a number of signals that need to be routed in or out of the GPIO interface on the RPi. Plus we need to break out all 40 pins of the GPIO, and have another connector on top for the Waveshare LCD display (if used). Because of this the Portsdown team have designed a PCB for the job - the blank PCB for this is available from the BATC shop.

Buying an extender card early in the project reduces the chance of damage to the RPi and allows these connections to be made safely.

The BATC card is very simple to construct with no components other than plugs and sockets.

For full construction details and a list of suppliers for the plugs and sockets see the GPIO breakout page

You can buy the GPIO Extender Card blank PCB from the Portsdown section in the BATC shop - item 3

LimeSDR Mini

The Portsdown system uses the LimeSDR Mini to provide the modulator and RF generator functions.

See this page for more details on using the LimeSDR Mini in a Portsdown 2019 system.

Pluto SDR

The Portsdown 4 uses the Pluto SDR connected via the USB port to provide the modulator and RF generator functions.

See this page for more details.

You now have the components for a fully working Portsdown transmitter!

However, you will need a camera and audio input to transmit pictures and sound.

Raspberry Pi Camera

If you want to transmit live pictures you will need a camera. The standard Pi camera gives excellent results but will need mounting in a housing and does not have audio input.

Raspberry Pi Camera: CPC Farnell http://cpc.farnell.com/raspberry-pi/rpi-8mp-camera-board/raspberry-pi-camera-board-8mp/dp/SC14028

Optional RPi camera Extension Lead Kit

The RPi camera gives excellent results, but only comes with a short ribbon cable to connect it to the RPi.

It is possible to use some higher quality HDMI leads (the ground connections all need to be made) to extend the camera lead - this does NOT mean the signal out of the camera is HDMI, it is actually "Camera Serial Interface Type 2 (CSI-2)". We are just using HDMI cable as a useful extension lead.

Kits are available to connect a female HDMI connector to the RPi camera connector, and another female to the camera, allowing the use of domestic 1, 2 and 3m HDMI leads.

RPi Camera HDMI Lead Extension Kit: https://www.tindie.com/products/freto/pi-camera-hdmi-cable-extension/

There are 2 modifications that can be made to enable lower quality HDMI leads (those without all the ground connections made, or even the CEC wire on pin 13 missing) to be used. Full details of these modifications are available here.

Composite Video Capture Device

The transmitter is also capable of working with a USB-connected “EasyCap” dongle to capture PAL composite video from camcorders and analogue mixers etc.

There are at least 4 similar devices being marketed under this name on eBay, each with different chipsets, but only the Fushicai "USBTV007" brand is guaranteed to work.

To help make sure you buy a unit that will work with Portsdown we are now stocking the Fushicai USBTV007 Audio-Video Grabber which is guaranteed to work in the BATC shop - item 11.  More information on the device can be found here.

Audio Capture Device

eBay provides a good source for very cheap audio capture USB dongles, which can provide an audio input to go with the RPi camera.

Audio Capture Device:  Source from eBay - for example: http://www.ebay.co.uk/sch/Laptop-Desktop-Accessories/31530/i.html?_from=R40&_nkw=usb%20audio%20adapter&_dcat=75518&Channels=2%252E0&rt=nc&_trksid=p2045573.m1684

The software version 201707220 introduced audio source switching between audio and video capture devices. A list of devices that are supported by this audio switching is here.

That completes the basic Portsdown transmitter shopping list

However, the team has designed some additional components to enable you to build a complete DATV transmit system

RF Switching

The complete RF switching arrangement illustrated below allows you to select the output from the Lime SDR or Pluto, adjust the exact level and then route the RF to any one of 8 PAs or transverters. All the blocks in the diagram are optional; however, you can build a very comprehensive system if you want to. Note that the 4-way decode and switch boards can be substituted for the 8-way decode and switch boards.

4-Band RF Output Switch

The Portsdown team have developed a 4-Band RF output switch capable of switching the low level output of the Lime Mini / Pluto to separate amplifiers for the 70, 144, 437 and 1255 MHz bands. Note: due to potential high insertion loss, it is not recommended to use the switch above 23cms.

Full details including parts list and schematic are available on this wiki page.

4-Band Decode Switch

The Portsdown provides band switching and PTT outputs on the GPIO pins - these outputs need to be decoded to provide an output for each band.

The Portsdown team have designed a simple board for switching between 4 bands and buffering the PTT signal which can be either constructed on 0.1” perforated board (veroboard) or on a PCB - this can be home etched.

Full details on the board including circuit etc are available here.
Blank PCBs are available in the BATC shop - item 5.

8-Band RF Output Switch

For those of you who also want to drive Microwave transverters from your Portsdown, the team have developed an 8-Band RF output switch that includes an RF amplifier. It is designed to be used with the Output Attenuator (see below). It will be capable of amplifying the variable level from the attenuator and switching it to separate amplifiers for the 70, 144, 437 and 1255 MHz bands, and to 4 transverters for the higher bands. PCBs are on order and will be available from the BATC Shop.

Full details including parts list and schematic are available on this wiki page.
Blank PCBs are available in the BATC shop - item 9.

8-Band Decoder

This 8-band decoder is designed to work with the 8-band RF output switch and the Portsdown software. It will provide switching signals (either always on, or PTT activated) to 4 Power Amplifiers and 4 transverters, and it also enables you to set which VCO filter should be switched in for the 4 transverter outputs. PCBs are on order and will be available from the BATC Shop.

Full details on the board including circuit etc are available here.
Blank PCBs are available in the BATC shop - item 7.

8-Band Decode PIC

This is the pre=programmed PIC to control the custom designed 8 band decode board for the Portsdown transmitter.

Blank PCBs are available in the BATC shop - item 8.

2-Way RF Switch

This switch allows you to route the outputs from the Portsdown Pluto and a LimeSDR to a single PA, enabling both to be used without reconfiguration. Full details on this Wiki page 2-Way RF Switch.

Filters and PA drivers

It is absolutely essential that the Portsdown transmitter output is followed by suitable bandpass filters.

These are not included as part of the project but a number of designs and suppliers are listed here.

Output Attenuator

Altough not required when using the Lime Mini or Pluto SDR, the Portsdown can use an electronically switched attenuator to adjust the transmit drive level for each band. Attenuators based on the PE4302, HMC1119 or PE43703 (preferred) are supported.

These attenuators are available on eBay. Full details and wiring instructions are detailed here: Output Attenuator.