Difference between revisions of "Portsdown hardware"

Revision as of 13:42, 22 December 2023

This page describes all the hardware modules and interconnections required to build the Portsdown DATV system.

Not all the hardware is required before the transmitter can start to be tested – an incremental approach is described here to allow constructors to gain confidence as they assemble the parts.

Raspberry Pi

New builders are recommended to build a Portsdown 4 which, when used with a Adalm Pluto, is integrated with the Langstone Microwave transceiver software enabling an advanced multimode narrowband and DATV transceiver covering 70 MHz to 4 GHz for under £500.

These are available from many suppliers and we suggest you just buy a Raspberry Pi without any additional boards or SD cards as you will be using specific Portsdown hardware and software. If you are starting a new build, the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B with 2 GB of RAM is recommended (4 GB or 8 GB or RAM will work, but costs more for no performance advantage).

The Raspberry Pi 4 can run hot, so using a heatsink case or fan to cool it is recommended.

Power Supplies

You will also need a GOOD 3amp 5v power supply for the Raspberry Pi.

You should power a Pi 4 via the GPIO pins but always power a RPi 3 through the Micro-USB power connector to take advantage of the input protection provided. Use a very short USB cable to your power supply as most of these cables are of very poor quality and cause a significant voltage drop.

If you see a "Lightning Flash" symbol at the top right of your LCD display it means that the voltage at the RPi is too low. You can measure the voltage between the GPIO connector pins 4 and 6.

A lot of strange problems, such as the Portsdown running very slowly, can be caused by poor PSU volts - the RPi is actually specified for 5.1 volts, so make sure that your PSU delivers enough volts and current. See this post on the BATC forum for a real user experience!

You may also need a 12 volt DC supply to power the other Portsdown components.

Micro-SD Card

You then need an SD card with the Portsdown software on it.

The easiest way is to buy a pre-programmed SD Card from the BATC shop.

OR if you want to have a go at loading the software yourself you will need to or purchase a good quality card from another source and follow the instructions described here. The 8 GB, 16 GB or 32 GB SanDisk Ultra (the red and grey one) is recommended - DO NOT use cheap copies.

LCD Touchscreen

The touchscreen is required to control the transmitter without the use of another computer.

Do not buy a touchscreen that connects through the RPi HDMI connector - it is NOT supported.

7" Touchscreen

The Portsdown 4 is designed to work with the Official Raspberry Pi 7" touchscreen (often referred to as a "7 inch Element 14 touchscreen"). The Portsdown 2020 works best with this screen, but can also use the 3.5 inch screen (below). The Portsdown 4 also supports the DFRobot DFR0550 5 inch touchscreen.

Note that if you use the 7-inch screen, you do not need to connect the 3 data leads between the screen and the RPi - only ground and +5v.

5" Touchscreen

The Portsdown 4 (from software release 202203071) supports the DFRobot DFR0550 Touchscreen. However, on initial build, the Portsdown touch map is rotated by 180 degrees. This can be corrected by navigating to Menu 3, System Config, Invert Touchscreen. If you can’t work out exactly where to press, here are the touch points:

Preset 1 (Menu 3 should then be displayed)
M2 (the System Configuration Menu should then be displayed)
Just above Web Control (the reboot question should then be displayed)
The "d" of inverted (the system should then reboot)

After the reboot, you should again go to Menu 3, System Config and select the 5 inch screen to get a reliable response to touches.

3.5" OSOYOO DSI Touchscreen

Hubertus DC1OP has reported that the OSOYOO 3.5 Inch DSI Touchscreen LCD Display also works with the Portsdown 4 in the same way as the DFRobot 5 inch screen - it needs the touchmap to be rotated as for the 5 inch screen. This has not been tested by the development team, so purchase at your own risk!

This screen can be found on Amazon: https://www.amazon.co.uk/OSOYOO-Capacitive-Connector-Resolution-Raspberry/dp/B087WVC1J2

The key enabler is that it is a DSI-connected screen with 800x480 resolution. Note that DPI-connected, or different resolution touchscreens WILL NOT work with the Portsdown.

3.5" Waveshare Touchscreen

Note this is NOT supported on the Portsdown 4.

The other supported touchscreen on Portsdown 2020 is a 3.5 inch diagonal Waveshare Raspberry Pi LCD (Model A, not Model B).

To mount the Waveshare screen away from the RPi, you could use this extension cable: https://thepihut.com/products/adafruit-gpio-extender-cable-for-raspberry-pi-model-a-b-26pin-12-long Just make sure that you triple-check the connections and pin orientation before connecting the screen. They do not tolerate incorrect connection as several of us have found out! Alternatively, you can make one yourself from a discarded 3.5 inch floppy drive and its lead.

Further information on screens can be found here Portsdown Displays and information on display resolutions can be found here PAL/NTSC and Display Resolutions.

Mounting the Waveshare LCD Touchscreen can be a challenge! This 3D print design mounts it flat to the panel: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1941701 This 3D print design mounts it at an angle: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1920486.

Note that, when mounted, none of the touchscreen sensitive areas should be in contact with the surround.

GPIO Extender Card

In the completed unit, there are a number of signals that need to be routed in or out of the GPIO interface on the RPi. Plus we need to break out all 40 pins of the GPIO, and have another connector on top for the Waveshare LCD display (if used). Because of this the Portsdown team have designed a PCB for the job - the blank PCB for this is available from the BATC shop.

Buying an extender card early in the project reduces the chance of damage to the RPi and allows these connections to be made safely.

The BATC card is very simple to construct with no components other than plugs and sockets.

For full construction details and a list of suppliers for the plugs and sockets see the GPIO breakout page

You can buy the GPIO Extender Card blank PCB from the Portsdown section in the BATC shop - item 3

LimeSDR

The Portsdown system can use the LimeSDR Mini (or LimeSDR USB) to provide the modulator and RF generator functions.

See this page for more details on using the LimeSDR in a Portsdown system.

Pluto SDR

The Portsdown 4 uses the Pluto SDR connected via the USB port to provide the modulator and RF generator functions.

See this page for more details: Portsdown_4_Pluto

You now have the components for a fully working Portsdown transmitter!

However, you will need a camera and audio input to transmit pictures and sound.

Raspberry Pi Camera

If you want to transmit live pictures you will need a camera. The standard V1 or V2 Pi camera gives excellent results but will need mounting in a housing and does not have audio input.

Raspberry Pi 2 Camera: CPC Farnell https://cpc.farnell.com/raspberry-pi/rpi-8mp-camera-board/raspberry-pi-camera-board-v2/dp/SC18701

The Portsdown is only compatible with the Raspberry Pi V1, V2 and HQ cameras. It will not operate with the V3 camera or the Global Shutter Camera, as these require a later version of the operating system which does not support the video encoding features used by the Portsdown transmitter. Raspberry Pi Camera information can be found here: https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html#hardware-specification

Optional RPi camera Extension Lead Kit

The RPi camera gives excellent results, but only comes with a short ribbon cable to connect it to the RPi.

It is possible to use some higher quality HDMI leads (the ground connections all need to be made) to extend the camera lead - this does NOT mean the signal out of the camera is HDMI, it is actually "Camera Serial Interface Type 2 (CSI-2)". We are just using HDMI cable as a useful extension lead.

Kits are available to connect a female HDMI connector to the RPi camera connector, and another female to the camera, allowing the use of domestic 1, 2 and 3m HDMI leads.The maker is Petite Studio

RPi Camera HDMI Lead Extension Kit: https://www.tindie.com/products/freto/pi-camera-hdmi-cable-extension/

In the UK and most of the world it's best to get the Petite Studio kit at Pimoroni. It's called Raspberry Pi Camera HDMI Cable Extension.

There are 2 modifications that can be made to enable lower quality HDMI leads (those without all the ground connections made, or even the CEC wire on pin 13 missing) to be used. Full details of these modifications are available here.

WebCams

Some WebCams work with the Portsdown, but it has proved very difficult to support more than a few specific models. The Portsdown 2020 works with the older (pre-2019) versions of the Logitech C920. The Portsdown 4 works with all (3) versions of the C920 and with the Logitech C170. More details on webcams here Portsdown Webcams.

Composite Video Capture Device

The transmitter is also capable of working with a USB-connected “EasyCap” dongle to capture PAL composite video from camcorders and analogue mixers etc.

There are at least 3 similar devices being marketed under this name on eBay, each with different chipsets, but only the Fushicai "USBTV007" brand is guaranteed to work in all modes on the Portsdown 2020 and Portsdown 4. The Portsdown 4 was modified in Oct 2023 to partially support the "MS2106". The type of EasyCap can be identified by connecting it to the Portsdown 4, selecting “Menu 2”, “File Menu”, “List USB Devices”. Then refer to the table below.

Name	USB Ident	Compatibility	Notes
Fushicai	1b71:3002 Fushicai...	Portsdown 2020 and Portsdown 4	BATC Shop pre-2020
MS2106	534d:0021	Limited with Portsdown 4 only	BATC Shop post-2020
Arkmicro	18ec:5555 Arkmicro....	None

Latest versions of the Portsdown 4 will work for Lime and Pluto DVB-S/S2 H264 transmission and streaming with the MS2106 EasyCap that is available from the BATC Shop (2023) https://batc.org.uk/shop/video-capture-device-not-for-use-with-portsdown/. The Chipset in this EasyCap is based on the MS2106 chip from MacroSilicon, hence the name.

The MS2106 has some limitations: The lip sync with this EasyCap is not perfect, but it has not proved possible to improve it, and it needs to be driven with a valid composite video signal otherwise the transmitter fails to start.

Audio Capture Device

eBay provides a good source for very cheap audio capture USB dongles, which can provide an audio input to go with the RPi camera. The audio capuure device must be of the type shown here:

Other stand-alone USB audio capture devices may not work and the software will not be changed to support them. Please don't ask.

This type of audio capture device is also compatible with the Ryde DATV Receiver and the Langstone Microwave transceiver. The microphone connection is for a T-R-S 3.5mm jack. Be careful when buying e.g. a Lavellier Tie-pin microphone to avoid those with T-R-R-S lacks. These do not produce any audio in the Portsdown!

That completes the basic Portsdown transmitter shopping list

However, the team has designed some additional components to enable you to build a complete DATV transmit system

RF Switching

The complete RF switching arrangement illustrated below allows you to select the output from the Lime SDR or Pluto, adjust the exact level and then route the RF to any one of 8 PAs or transverters. All the blocks in the diagram are optional; however, you can build a very comprehensive system if you want to. Note that the 4-way decode and switch boards can be substituted for the 8-way decode and switch boards.

4-Band RF Output Switch

The Portsdown team have developed a 4-Band RF output switch capable of switching the low level output of the Lime Mini / Pluto to separate amplifiers for the 70, 144, 437 and 1255 MHz bands. Note: due to potential high insertion loss, it is not recommended to use the switch above 23cms.

Full details including parts list and schematic are available on this wiki page.

4-Band Decode Switch

The Portsdown provides band switching and PTT outputs on the GPIO pins - these outputs need to be decoded to provide an output for each band.

The Portsdown team have designed a simple board for switching between 4 bands and buffering the PTT signal which can be either constructed on 0.1” perforated board (veroboard) or on a PCB - this can be home etched.

Full details on the board including circuit etc are available here.
Blank PCBs are available in the BATC shop - item 5.

8-Band RF Output Switch

For those of you who also want to drive Microwave transverters from your Portsdown, the team have developed an 8-Band RF output switch that includes an RF amplifier. It is designed to be used with the Output Attenuator (see below). It will be capable of amplifying the variable level from the attenuator and switching it to separate amplifiers for the 70, 144, 437 and 1255 MHz bands, and to 4 transverters for the higher bands. PCBs are on order and will be available from the BATC Shop.

Full details including parts list and schematic are available on this wiki page.
Blank PCBs are available in the BATC shop - item 9.

8-Band Decoder

This 8-band decoder is designed to work with the 8-band RF output switch and the Portsdown software. It will provide switching signals (either always on, or PTT activated) to 4 Power Amplifiers and 4 transverters, and it also enables you to set which VCO filter should be switched in for the 4 transverter outputs. PCBs are on order and will be available from the BATC Shop.

Full details on the board including circuit etc are available here.
Blank PCBs are available in the BATC shop - item 7.

8-Band Decode PIC

This is the pre=programmed PIC to control the custom designed 8 band decode board for the Portsdown transmitter.

Blank PCBs are available in the BATC shop - item 8.

2-Way RF Switch

Not required for Portsdown 4.

This switch allows you to route the outputs from the Portsdown 2017 Filter Modulator card and a LimeSDR to a single PA, enabling both to be used without reconfiguration. Full details on this Wiki page 2-Way RF Switch.

Filters and PA drivers

It is absolutely essential that the Portsdown transmitter output is followed by suitable bandpass filters.

These are not included as part of the project but a number of designs and suppliers are listed here.

Output Attenuator

Although NOT required when using the Lime Mini or Pluto SDR, the Portsdown can use an electronically switched attenuator to adjust the transmit drive level for each band. Attenuators based on the PE4302, HMC1119 or PE43703 (preferred) are supported.

These attenuators are available on eBay. Full details and wiring instructions are detailed here: Output Attenuator.